With the evolution of automobiles—such as automatic driving technology, EVs (electric vehicles), HVs (hybrid vehicles), and connected cars—the types and varieties of related components are increasing. Various components have become increasingly sophisticated through the adoption of advanced technologies, including components in energy, power/drive, and exhaust/cooling systems; ECUs; sensors and connectors; communication and control systems; interfaces; and secondary batteries. Coating has been used for adhesion and film-forming to satisfy demands for reduced weight and improved productivity.